《梅》(1995)—— 为竖琴与电子音乐而作

Mei” (1995) – for harp and electronic music

竖琴:莱恩•山端 (日本)

本曲曲名和陆游的“卜算子·咏梅”一词相呼应。此阙词亦是这部作品试图透过音乐用意象来表达的内容。

“驿外断桥边,寂寞开无主。 已是黄昏独自愁,更著风和雨。

无意苦争春,一任群芳妒。 零落成泥碾作尘,只有香如故。”

本曲是基于严密控制与机遇选择——两个似乎相互矛盾的原则而创作的。通过电子合成器将音乐元素材料输入到计算机中,再由计算机将输入的各种音响参数加以改变,产生出几十种相互关系不同的机遇化音响模式,最终确定出16种音响模式构成全曲。

    竖琴在此曲中担当主奏者,织体的写作追求中国传统乐器古琴与古筝的韵味,对律动与节奏的控制,以彰显“散”“慢”的特征为主。在作品中,电子音响声部的存在始终传递着一种心理以及外在的空间,用以衬托音乐主体。

本曲于1995年9月在参加斯图加特第三届国际现代音乐暑期班期间完成。首演于当年9月斯图加特“现代与实验音乐会”。

Harp:Reine  Yamahata (Japan)

The title comes from Luyou’s poetry “Pusuanzi – Yong Mei “. The verse is just what the piece tries to express through the music image.

驿外断桥边,寂寞开无主。 已是黄昏独自愁,更著风和雨。

无意苦争春,一任群芳妒。 零落成泥碾作尘,只有香如故。”

(Nearby the bridge, wintersweet is blooming alone. When night comes on, she feels unheeded, and yet suffered from the storm. Plum blossom does’t want to be the queen and no cares about the envy from others. In spite of the falling, mixing with the soil, and turning into the dust, it is full of the fragrance.)

This piece is composed according to two seemingly contradictory principles – the tight control and the opportunity selection. Using the electronic synthesizer to input the music materials into the computer, and change them in the digital audio workstation in order to produce dozens of different sound,  ultimately, select 16 of them to constitute the whole piece.

Harp is the main instrument in it, texture writing aspired the charm of traditional Chinese instruments Guqin and Zheng. Therefore, the control for rhythm and tempo basically focus on “casual” and “slow”. The presence of electronic sound always convey a psychological and external space, which plays the role of a susceptor to support the main music.

This piece was completed during the period of Third International Contemporary Music Summer Class in Stuttgart, in September, 1995. It premiered on this year 25th September at “Modern and Experimental Music Concert” in Stuttgart.

《 清 风 静 响 》(2011)——为板胡,笙,琵琶与古筝而作

Whispers of a Gentle Wind ” (2011) – for Banhu, Sheng, Pipa and Guzheng

本曲的标题来自郑板桥《墨竹图》的题诗,整曲以个性化的语言来表达“自然”这一 中国传统艺术的核心主题。乐曲结构分成四个部分,采用较为自由的节奏与速度布局,浑 然天成,具有中国音乐即兴而洒脱的特性。全曲共有 127 个小节,每小节都被设计成独立 的音响瞬间。这部作品中很少运用重复的材料,因此作品进程中不断产生出新的音响。即 使偶尔有重复的材料出现,也会使其以变奏或变化形态来展现。

谈到本曲的构思过程,作曲家说道:“作曲家创作每部作品都会经历一次面对‘传统’ 的思考过程:乐器的传统、音乐语言的传统、音乐风格与句法结构的传统等等,当下的创 作是无法离开有意识地对“传统”进行思考,否则也就无法创作出相较于‘传统’而言的 ‘新’音乐。同时,作曲家还必须面对当下音乐创作现状进行反思,如何使自己的音乐创 作与同时代作曲家有所不同?如何取舍同行创作的有益经验?如何定位与明确自己的音乐 创作风格,如何实现等等。如果缺乏这一层面的思考,作曲家的个性也无从谈起。”在接受 德国 Sikorski 出版社采访时,作曲家也对这部作品做出介绍:“在这部为 4 件中国乐器创 作的《清风静响》中,基本体现出我个人化的风格特征——我寻找到了表现中国传统艺术 美学所追求的那种空旷音响空间与瞬息万变的音乐处理方式:即音乐语言虚实相间、速度 自由变换与音色浓淡刹时间转换流动等等。”

2012 年度的中国音乐艺术发展报告对这部作品作出了客观的评价:“在创作领域,经 历了传统与现代、中国与世界的大碰撞与大融合,当代中国作曲家已经开始‘找回自己’, 并在‘以我为主’的基础上获得了新一轮融合与回归的螺旋式上升……贾国平的民族室内 乐《清风静响》(为琵琶、古筝、板胡和笙而作)就是一部有代表性的作品……作品不但流 淌着中国人特有的审美趣味和情态,而且也达到了中国传统音乐与西方现代音乐技术以及 现代审美取向的深度融合。”

首演于 2011 年 5 月 14 日,北京音乐厅, “北京现代室内乐团 Ensmeble Contempo Beijing”成立音乐会。

板胡:胡瑜 笙:董颖 琵琶:兰维薇 古筝:宋心馨

The title comes from the poem of Zheng Banqiao “Mo Zhu Tu”, the whole piece expresses the “natural” in personalized language, which is the core of traditional Chinese art. The structure is divided into four parts, mostly adopting a more

flexible tempo and free layout. It’s natural and free, showing the unique Chinese characteristics of music improvisation. The whole piece is a total of 127 sub- sections, each section is a separate audio moment: the process fills with the continuous production of new sound, therefore duplication technology is seldom used in this work, even if repetitive material appears occasionally, it’s variations or the transformational form .

Commenting on the conception of this piece, Jia said: “Every time the composer writing a piece will experience the process that thinking about ‘tradition’: the tradition of musical instrument,the tradition of musical language, the tradition of music style and the tradition of syntactic structure, etc. Contemporary music composition cannot be completed without the consciously thought on ‘traditional’, otherwise, the ‘new’ music that relative to traditional one could not be created then. At the same time, the composer has to give a reflection in face of the current situation on music as well. How to make your own music different? How to absorb the useful experience from others? How to define your music style? How to achieve the goals? …. If it’s lack of thinking in this respect, the personality of composer’s is out of the question.” In an interview with Sikorski music publishing, Jia Guoping saied “The piece for four Chinese musical instruments ‘Whispers of a Gentle Wind’reflects basically my personal characteristics. I’ve found a processing method of musical sound, which is ever- changing and with open space, showing the aesthetic pursuit of Chinese traditional art, that is the actual and virtual situation of music language, tempo changes, and instantly transformation and flow characteristics of tone color. “

The 2012 Annual Report On The Development Of Chinese Music Art made an objective assessment to this work: “In the field of composition, having went through the time of tradition and modern, the largest collision and merging of China and world, Chinese contemporary composers have begun to ‘find themselves’, and obtained a new round of spiraling of integration and regression on the basis of ‘self-centered’ …… Jia’s Chinese national chamber music’Whispers of a Gentle Wind’ ( for Pipa, Zheng , Banhu and Sheng ) is right a representation of this …… not only flowing with the unique aesthetic taste of Chinese, but also

achieved the deeply fusion of Chinese traditional music, western contemporary music techniques, and modern aesthetic tendency. “

This piece premiered at “Ensemble Contempo Beijing Concert” on 14th, May , 2011, in Beijing Concert Hall.

Banhu: Hu Yu Sheng: Dong Ying
Pipa: Lan Weiwei Guzheng: Piece Xinxin

竹影萧疏 为长笛、单簧管、钢琴、小提琴与大提琴而作(1997/2014)

Scattered shades for Flute, Clarinet, Piano, Violin and Violoncello(1997/2014)

1997年作曲家在德国留学时曾遭遇过一次作曲的危机。当时进行过一次作曲尝试:即摆脱过去自己所习惯的音乐语言与写作方式,以理性化的设计,非连贯性的音响组合来写作。这部从未演出过的习作,对其而言是一部自我创作方式转变的作品,在这样的未确定与没有把握的作曲过程中,作曲家始终把音乐的表达定位在中国古代水墨画的意象上。

《竹影萧疏》即是建立在十几年前那部习作结构基础上的重新写作。在这部作品中,作曲家将中国传统国画技法中虚与实的观念作为音响构建的原则。音乐语言的虚与实通过不同音乐要素的主次搭配、互相转换与持续衍变来体现。如以不同音色、不同织体形态、不同力度如影相随贯穿全曲所构成的音响模式,又如音乐在散板与律动化节奏之间、在不同速度之间的自由转换等等。作品试图追求与营造中国传统艺术中特有的空灵与静谧的音乐风格。

Scattered Shades von Jia Guoping bezieht seine wesentliche Anregung aus der alten chinesischen Tuchmalerei, dokumentiert aber gleichzeitig das Überwinden einer Schaffenskrise. Jia stellte sich 1997 während einer für ihn künstlerisch schwierigen Zeit die Aufgabe, eine Studie zu komponieren, die seine bisherigen kompositorischen Techniken mit den Mitteln rationaler Konstruktion überwindet. Scattered Shades greift diese Studie auf und zeichnet mit anderer Besetzung ihre Struktur vertiefend nach.

《时空的涟漪II为单簧管、小提琴、大提琴与钢琴(2017)

Ripples in Spacetime II  for Clarinet, Violin, Cello and Piano(2017)    

该作品的创作灵感和音响核心都来自”中国天眼” FAST所发现的来自宇宙深处脉冲星的三个信号片段。 “中国天眼”(500米口径射电望远镜Five Hundred Meter  Aperture  Spherical Radio Telescope)的英文单词首字母也是构成此曲核心音高材料的来源。 此外,通过极具中国韵味特征的音响贯穿作品,并尝试与西方乐器融为一体共同营造一个独特的音响时空。

谨以此曲向“天眼之父”、 FAST工程发起者与奠基人南仁东先生表达由衷的敬意。

Ripples in Spacetime is dedicated to an outstanding Chinese astronomer Nan Rendong, the founder and the chief scientist of Chinese FAST project, to expressing sincere respect for his pioneering work. 

The inspiration and core sonic gesture of this work came from three fragments of pulsar’s signals in deep space which was discovered by the “Chinese Five Hundred Meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope” (FAST) in 2017. The dominant pitches of this work originate from the initial letters of FAST. Moreover, the composer intends to absorb some strong traditional Chinese music factors throughout this piece, and integrate it into Western instruments to contextualize a unique sound world.

贾国平 《葬花吟》为古筝独奏而作(2011)

该作品为中央音乐学院“211三期工程建设-中国民乐精品创作项目”委约而作。此曲直接引用曹雪芹《红楼梦》中《葬花吟》一诗标题。乐曲摘取原诗八个意象构成全曲八个段落的小标题,分别为:1.花谢花飞飞满天;2.红绡香断;3.风刀霜箭;4.漂泊难寻觅;5.泪洒、血痕;6.悲歌;7.天尽头;8.花落人亡。乐曲试图利用传统古筝不同风格流派音乐中表现哀怨的音乐元素,通过多样化的揉、吟、滑、按等音响生成技巧与多种织体手段,来表现飘渺孤寂之境与哀伤悲愤之情。

《颓败线的颤动》 为大唢呐、笙与打击乐而作(1999)

这首作品是有感于鲁迅先生的散文《野草·颓败线的颤动》中所表现出来的意象与意境而创作的。下列引文既是创作此曲的最初灵感,也是音乐企图达到的表现境界:

 “… 颓败的身躯的全面都颤动了, 这颤动点点如鱼鳞, 每一鳞都起伏如佛水在烈火上, 空中也即刻一同振颤, 仿佛暴风雨中的荒海的波涛。

她于是抬起眼睛, 向着天空, 并无词的言语也沉默尽绝,惟有颤动辐射若太阳, 使空中的波涛立刻回旋, 如遭飓风,汹涌奔腾与无边的荒野…” ( 摘自鲁迅《野草 – 颓败线的颤动》)

中国传统乐器是否还有更多新的可能性 – 如新的演奏技术,新的音色以及新的表现力?此曲即从这一角度出发来作探索,并尝试运用与其相适应的音乐组合方式来创作。根据音乐的表现内容,本曲在民乐器-特别是大唢呐的写作上借鉴了诸多现代演奏技法, 充分挖掘与发挥了大唢呐的多种音色与演奏的可能性(如多音和弦,泛音,快速度的音阶进行,跳音音型等等),此外也拓展了笙的多音演奏技术。此外在不同乐器的音色结合上也作了许多尝试,试图寻求一种民乐室内乐重奏全新的表达方式,及其相应的多样化与深度化的音乐表现的可能性。

《风越苍茫》为琵琶与管弦乐队而作(2017)

The Wind Passing Through the Vast World for Pipa and Orchestra (2017)

琵琶是一件历史悠久、充满诗意,并具有丰富表现力的传统乐器。它与丝绸之路文化交流密切的关系,使得这件乐器带有多种文化浸染的印记。该作品中,琵琶采用低音弦移低纯四度的定弦法,试图追寻由西域传入的五弦琵琶古朴的音色及其浑厚共鸣的音响特质。

整部作品的音乐语言主要聚焦于琵琶轮、滚与扫拂组合的演奏技巧与发声 法; 管弦乐队的音乐语言是对琵琶音响模式的进一步延伸,通过将琵琶声响在不 同乐器上的转换与变化,以拓展琵琶音乐的表现力。最终,二者浑然一体共同营 造丝绸之路的历史意象。

此外,作品将唐大曲散序、中序、入破与急声四个递进结构模式予以打破重组,由十个长短不一的段落组成五个连续演奏的部分。

In China, pipa refers to a millennia-old lute imbued with crisp poetry and great expression. It has close ties with the Silk Road—a bridge for cultural exchange, which makes such lute bear the imprint of cultural diversity.
With reference to the Greater Qishi tuning of Tang’s five-stringed pipa, the composition in question tries to explore its simple tone and steady resonance by lowering the pitch of both the third and fourth strings.

This masterpiece focuses on performance and intonation, the former of which consists of rotating, rolling, flicking and plucking. The orchestra’s music language further extends the sounds of this instrument for greater expression’s sake by playing other instruments and making relevant variations. As a result, these two together make alive a historic image of the Silk Road

In addition, it restructures Tang Era’s Daqu Tune, which consists of sanxu, zhongxu, rupo and jisheng in a progressive manner, into five continuous parts that are further broken down into ten paragraphs with varying lengths.

《万壑松风》为笙、古筝与管弦乐队(2014)

The pine-soughing valleys for sheng, guzheng and orchestra

作品《万壑松风》的创作灵感源自于宋代画界巨匠李唐的代表作《万壑松风图》。这幅横亘千年绘画史的中国古典山水画名作,激发了作曲家贾国平的文化想象与文化情感,他于2013-2014年,写完了这首德国曼海姆国家交响乐团委约的作品。2014年作品在德国首演后,即被德国评论界认为是该乐团十年里最好的首演作品。

“结构感”或者“结构性”是这部音乐作品最典型的特征——尽管不是其唯一的特征——与此并行的是作品内部独特的架构方式和精巧的音乐技法设计。原画中“奇峰耸峙”、“清岚浮动”、“飞瀑鸣泉”、“水流奔涌”和“松林高密”五个主要景致,成为这首作品的主要意象表达。音乐以核心数控序列为循环生成原则,让贯穿该作品中的核心音响元素,形成多维耦合的层次结构,而这些结要素又自然地成为该作品五个段落的主要音乐表现内容。

所谓“外师造化、中得心源”,在这首作品中,客观现象—艺术意象—艺术形象以一种浑然天成的方式融合在了一起。(黄宗权文)

曼海姆国家歌剧院交响乐团2013至2014音乐会演出季委约创作。

德国斯考斯基国际音乐出版社(International Musikverlage  Hans Sikorski)出版。

2014年5月19日和20日在曼海姆玫瑰园音乐厅首演。

指挥:吕绍嘉先生。

古筝:苏畅

笙: 董颖

相关链接:

“记忆未来”:贾国平《万壑松风》的视听景观分析

《迦陵频伽》为管弦乐队(2012)

KALAVIUKA” for Orchestra(2012)

迦陵频伽(妙音鸟)人首兽身,被奉为礼佛乐伎,自唐以来常以视觉形象显现在佛教文化之中。作为视听综合的艺术符号,其妙音始终得“见”而未闻。作曲家在本曲中用奇妙的想象构筑了雪山鸟鸣、笙歌萦绕、百鸟朝凤等八个意象,幻化出一派生机盎然的自然声景。

Kalaviuka ( also known as the exquisite sounding bird) has a human head and a bird’s torso, and has been enshrined as a ritualistic performance, often appearing as a visual image in Buddhist culture since the Tang Dynasty. As an artistic symbol of audio-visual synthesis, the sound of the bird has always been seen but not heard. In this piece, the composer uses his fantastic imagination to construct eight images of birdsong in the snowy mountains, the haunting tunes of Sheng and hundreds of birds worshipping the phoenix, etc., which conjure up a vivid natural soundscape.

《聆籁》 为管弦乐队(2018)

Ling Lai ( Listen to the Sounds of Nature ) for Orchestra(2018)

江南园林是中国文人实践其人生态度与审美理想的自然、心灵天地,也是中国哲学精神气质的典型表达。谛听自然之声是园林造园的理念之一,有声之境,寂然之响,与建筑,与山水,与诗词一同构成了园林生动而隽永的灵魂。

此作品借由听泉、听雨、听风与听雪四个部分来展现江南园林的诗情画意。在每个部分中,长短不一的音乐片段捕捉了多种声境意象,如春莺鸣泉涧、蝉噪林愈静、箭射荷花若洒金、竹韵松籁、蛙声一片等。作品通过交响乐队的声响来刻画四季流转中变幻不断的园林景观,并借此表现其特有的融自然与人文为一体的意境之美。

该作品为2018苏州金鸡湖作曲比赛创作委约项目,2018年11月27日由许忠指挥苏州交响乐团首演。2019年12月13日由俞峰指挥中央音乐学院交响乐团在美国卡耐基音乐厅进行国外首演。

Ling Lai  is inspired by the classical garden of Jiangnan, where the sounds and silences of nature are integrated with architecture, landscape, and poetry to express the Chinese philosophical spirit. The work portrays the ever-changing landscape of the seasons—spring rain, birdsong, wind in the trees, snow—expressing the unique beauty of nature and humanity.